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Question #3: Paragraph 100 in the Catholic Catechism: "The task of interpreting the Word of God authentically has been entrusted solely to the Magisterium of the Church, that is, to the Pope and to the bishops in communion with him." Please reconcile this with the fact that Jesus said that the Holy Ghost is our teacher.
There is nothing to reconcile.
Both are true. However, you and I were never promised an infallible understanding of scripture personally. A simple looking around will show that everyone acting as their own pope doesn't work . . there is a plethora of interpretations among those who are part of and have branched off from, the Protestant Reformation.
What the scriptures actually tell us is that Jesus promised the apostles that they would personally be led into all truth by the Holy Spirit. That is who Jesus was speaking to.
Additionally, Jesus said to the apostles "As the Father has sent me, so send I you"
John 20
19 When it was evening on that day, the first day of the week, and the doors of the house where the disciples had met were locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you."
20 After he said this, he showed them his hands and his side. Then the disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord.
21 Jesus said to them again, "Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I send you."
22 When he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit.
23 If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained."
There is nothing qualifying that statement, nothing limiting that statement.
As part of that sending, he Father sent Jesus to teach infallibly. So,
with these words above, Jesus sent the apostle, ordained by Jesus Himself, to teach infallibly.
The Father sent Jesus with the power and authority to pass on that same power and authority.
So
with these words above, Jesus passed on thatpower and authority to pass on that same power and authority to the Apostles.
The apostles passed on that same power and authority to teach infallibly to others they ordained, as well as the power and authority to pass it on to others. Those passed on the same to those they ordained, and so forth and so forth throughout the centuries.
This is known as Apostolic Succession and it started with Jesus. The teaching of the Church you refer to above is based on this Apostolic Succession. The Holy Spirit has protected the teaching of the Apostles through this sending in keeping with Jesus' words, which is why the doctrines of the Catholic Church today is the same as it was in the beginning of the Church.