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Almost all modern refineries employ hydrocracking/hydrotreating and steam methane reformers. These technologies are descendants of the German processes. It's all about the hydrogen to carbon ratio.
Coal- minimal hydrogen
Tar sands - close to coal, several upgraders use the tech to make synthetic crude that refineries can process. Upgraders basiclly eject carbon and pump in hydrogen increasing the hydrogen to carbon ratio.
Very heavy crude - same type of upgraders in VZ to improve oil quality so refineries can process them.
One by product of this process is H2S, a very poisonous gas, that needs to be delt with. The heavier the feedstock the more impurities, like nickel and vanadium that poison the catalyst.
Another process is POX or partial oxidation, notoriously unreliable but can turn most things carbon into syngas, which can either be used as fuel or fisher troped into saturated hydrocarbon chains. Like the gas to liquid projects in the middle east. This process makes jet and diesel, not gasoline which needs lots of double bonds for octane.
Failing to plan is planning for failure.
While it would be nice that the fantasy of endless abiotic oil would be true but it simply is not and reality will not be changed. Just because Titan has seas of liquid methane does not change the reality here on Earth (and on Titan) that there is a finite supply. I agree with Big Red and MS that this has been discuss over and over before.
No one has ever drilled into the mantle and found oil. Drill to a depth deeper then a certain depth and temp. and there will not be oil. (It is called the oil window) If all of you believe that Geologists, Geochemists, Geophysicists, Oil Companies, Universities and engineers all over the world are wrong. Put together a company, put your money up, hire a rig, and drill an exploritory well. If you are right, then you will be a very wealth person. I have not seen anyone do it yet.
When ever I have to make a decision I ask myself WWDD (What would Dogbert do)
Never argue with an idiot. He is too stupid to understand and all you do is waste your time.
There are three evil forces in the world Greed, Fear and Ignorance.
Funny how these Abiotic Experts never find any of this abiotic oil. Where is it? Why aren't they drilling, producing and selling and getting rich, rich, rich?
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